Summer heat has been in full effect and does not appear to be letting up anytime soon. In fact, the Farmers’ Almanac predicts that this summer is going to bring the hottest temperatures in recorded history. This extreme heat increases the risk for heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

“Heat exhaustion and heat stroke occur when the body’s thermoregulatory system becomes overwhelmed,” states Dr. Craig Dues, Mercer Health Emergency Department Physician. “High risk populations include pediatrics, elderly, and those with psychological and pharmacologic impairments of heat loss.”

Heat exhaustion occurs through water and sodium depletion. Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness and muscle cramps. If experiencing symptoms of heat exhaustion, Dr. Dues recommends that “you remove yourself from the heat-stressed environment, rest and begin oral hydration with electrolyte containing fluids.”

Heat stroke and heat exhaustion are both forms of heat illness, but a heat stroke is more severe and dangerous. Heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke if not treated properly.

“A heat stroke is a medical emergency,” states Dr. Dues. “Symptoms include a temp of 104° F or higher, confusion, seizures and unsteady gait. If experiencing symptoms of heat stroke, you should immediately initiate cooling measures and seek emergency medical care.”

For more information and tips on how to treat heat exhaustion, visit Heat exhaustion: First aid – Mayo Clinic.